There are plenty of beings in the Star Trek universe way more powerful than Palpatine.
Q
The guy that wiped out an entire race with a stray thought because they killed his human wife.
The Metrons (probably)
The Organians
The Prophets
The beings that were the "parents" of Charlie X.
What ever species Trelane belonged to.
Those are the godlike ones that don't rely on technology I can think of off the top of my head, there are probably a few more.